GRAFCET / SFC

An eight-step filler cycle from bottle index through nitrogen purge, fill and capping, resolving the question every filler argues about — what happens to a bottle whose cap torque fails — with an alternative divergence that routes it to the rework lane and returns both paths to the idle step.

The safety sequence a lift door cannot be certified without: dwell, close, and the alternative divergence on the closing step that sends a photo-eye or door-edge trip to a re-open step and back to the dwell timer, so the interlock is only made when the closed limit and the lock both prove.

The changeover every SMED study starts with, drawn honestly: a simultaneous divergence runs the swing arm and the magazine index at the same time and a convergence of the same width holds the drawbar until both prove, which is exactly the internal time a single-threaded chart hides.

A charge-heat-hold-cool-discharge batch that carries both branch shapes at once: a simultaneous divergence brings the jacket to temperature while the agitator ramps to shear speed, one convergence releases the hold, and an alternative divergence on the assay sends a failed batch round a rework hold rather than out of the vessel.

Ticket or season card, then raise, hold and lower: two alternative divergences and the alternative convergence between them resolve the barrier's two real arguments — which credential opened it, and what stops it descending onto a vehicle still standing on the safety loop.

A vision-gated SCARA cell that carries both bars in one chart: the inspection step diverges alternatively on the vision verdict, and the pass branch opens a simultaneous divergence so the arm picks while the tray indexes, closed by a convergence of the same width that will not release the place until both prove.