Ecological Succession
Primary succession from bare rock to climax community.
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flowchart LR
Rock[Bare rock / sand] --> Pion[Pioneer:\nlichens + mosses]
Pion --> Grass[Annual grasses + herbs]
Grass --> Per[Perennial grasses + shrubs]
Per --> Soft["Soft-wood pioneers<br/>(birch, aspen)"]
Soft --> Hard["Hard-wood community<br/>(oak, maple)"]
Hard --> Cli["Climax community<br/>(self-sustaining)"]
Dist[Disturbance:\nfire, flood, logging] -.-> Grass