Buffer design — capacity and measurement conditions
Design a buffer around target pH, working range and compatibility. Composition, dilution, temperature and added acid/base load affect performance; nominal pH alone does not describe buffer capacity.
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{
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{ "id": "pair", "type": "rounded", "label": "Compatible conjugate acid/base pair", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
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{ "id": "total", "type": "rounded", "label": "Total buffer concentration", "x": 390, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
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{ "id": "temp", "type": "octagon", "label": "Temperature / ionic environment", "x": 565, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
{ "id": "ph", "type": "card", "label": "Calibrated pH measurement", "x": 740, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" },
{ "id": "load", "type": "card", "label": "Challenge with expected load", "x": 740, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" },
{ "id": "scope", "type": "rounded", "label": "Working range and capacity", "x": 915, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d" }
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