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Missing data — mechanism and sensitivity

Describe missingness patterns before choosing an analysis. Missing-at-random assumptions cannot generally be proven from observed data; sensitivity analyses address departures from the primary assumptions.

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{
  "nodes": [
    { "id": "data", "type": "rounded", "label": "Observed and missing entries", "x": 40, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
    { "id": "pat", "type": "card", "label": "Missingness pattern summary", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" },
    { "id": "reason", "type": "card", "label": "Documented reasons / timing", "x": 215, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" },
    { "id": "ass", "type": "octagon", "label": "Missingness assumptions", "x": 390, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
    { "id": "cc", "type": "rounded", "label": "Complete-case comparison", "x": 565, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "imp", "type": "rounded", "label": "Model-based missing-data analysis", "x": 565, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "diag", "type": "octagon", "label": "Imputation / model diagnostics", "x": 740, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
    { "id": "sens", "type": "rounded", "label": "Departure-from-assumption scenarios", "x": 740, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "res", "type": "rounded", "label": "Results with assumption limits", "x": 915, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d" }
  ],
  "edges": [
    { "id": "e0", "source": "data", "target": "pat", "label": "inspect" },
    { "id": "e1", "source": "pat", "target": "ass", "label": "inform" },
    { "id": "e2", "source": "reason", "target": "ass", "label": "context" },
    { "id": "e3", "source": "ass", "target": "cc", "label": "reference" },
    { "id": "e4", "source": "ass", "target": "imp", "label": "primary approach" },
    { "id": "e5", "source": "imp", "target": "diag", "label": "check" },
    { "id": "e6", "source": "ass", "target": "sens", "label": "challenge" },
    { "id": "e7", "source": "cc", "target": "res", "label": "compare" },
    { "id": "e8", "source": "diag", "target": "res", "label": "quality evidence" },
    { "id": "e9", "source": "sens", "target": "res", "label": "robustness" }
  ]
}