Chemistry — Formal Charge & Oxidation Number
Formal charge formula and the usual oxidation-state rules.
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FC = V - N - \tfrac{1}{2}B
\textstyle\sum FC = \text{molecular charge}
\text{O: } -2 \;\text{(usual)}, \quad \text{H: } +1 \;\text{(usual)}
\textstyle\sum (\text{oxidation numbers}) = \text{charge}