Chemistry — Ocean Acidification
How dissolved CO2 lowers ocean pH.
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\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3
\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^-
\downarrow \text{pH}, \quad \downarrow [\text{CO}_3^{2-}]
\text{harms shell-forming organisms}