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Causal DAG templates

Maths — Conditioning on a Collider's Descendant

Adjusting for a descendant of a collider opens bias.

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Conditioning on a collider's descendantXXYYCCollider CDDescendant of CExposureOutcomeConfounderMediatorUnobserved`Y` is not a descendant of `X`, so P(Y | do(X)) = P(Y): this diagram says the effect is NULL, and identified without adjusting for anything.No arrow path leads from `X` to `Y`. This diagram states that the exposure has NO effect on the outcome — which may be exactly the null hypothesis being drawn, an…

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title "Conditioning on a collider's descendant"
exposure X "X"
outcome Y "Y"
node C "Collider C"
node D "Descendant of C"
X -> C
Y -> C
C -> D