Immune response — barrier, innate, adaptive, memory
One infection followed from breach to memory: barriers, complement and phagocytes in the first hours, antigen carried to the lymph node and shown on MHC II, helper T cells licensing B cells, clonal expansion to antibody-secreting plasma cells with IgM by day 5–7, and the memory that turns the second exposure into IgG in two days.
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{
"nodes": [
{ "id": "pathogen", "type": "bug", "label": "Pathogen breaches skin or mucosa", "x": 40, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fee2e2", "stroke": "#b91c1c", "bold": true },
{ "id": "barriers", "type": "shield", "label": "Barriers — skin, mucus, lysozyme, pH", "x": 215, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1", "bold": true },
{ "id": "macrophage", "type": "sphere", "label": "Macrophages engulf — TLRs read PAMPs", "x": 390, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "inflammation", "type": "gas-flame", "label": "Inflammation — histamine, vasodilation", "x": 565, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
{ "id": "dendritic", "type": "conveyor", "label": "Dendritic cell carries antigen to the node", "x": 740, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
{ "id": "lymphnode", "type": "network-globe", "label": "Lymph node — where T and B cells meet", "x": 915, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "complement", "type": "honeycomb", "label": "Complement C3b opsonises the surface", "x": 40, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
{ "id": "neutrophils", "type": "sphere", "label": "Neutrophils arrive within a few hours", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "mhc", "type": "card", "label": "Antigen displayed on MHC class II", "x": 390, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1", "bold": true },
{ "id": "fever", "type": "gauge-chart", "label": "Fever to 38.5 °C — IL-1 and IL-6", "x": 565, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
{ "id": "helper", "type": "star", "label": "CD4⁺ helper T cell recognises the peptide", "x": 740, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "cytotoxic", "type": "cross", "label": "CD8⁺ cytotoxic T kills infected cells", "x": 915, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "bcell", "type": "ribbon", "label": "B cell binds antigen with its receptor", "x": 40, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "clonal", "type": "bar-chart", "label": "Clonal expansion — a thousandfold in days", "x": 215, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
{ "id": "plasma", "type": "conveyor", "label": "Plasma cells — 2000 antibodies a second", "x": 390, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "igm", "type": "line-chart", "label": "Primary response — IgM by day 5 to 7", "x": 565, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e", "bold": true },
{ "id": "neutralise", "type": "shield-check", "label": "Antibody neutralises and opsonises", "x": 740, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "memory", "type": "file-stack", "label": "Memory B and T cells persist for years", "x": 915, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
{ "id": "secondary", "type": "line-chart", "label": "Second exposure — IgG in 2 to 3 days", "x": 390, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e", "bold": true },
{ "id": "vaccination", "type": "syringe", "label": "Vaccination builds this without the disease", "x": 740, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1", "bold": true }
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{ "id": "e2", "source": "barriers", "target": "macrophage", "label": "if the barrier is breached", "thickness": 2.5 },
{ "id": "e3", "source": "pathogen", "target": "complement", "label": "surfaces activate it directly" },
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{ "id": "e25", "source": "neutrophils", "target": "complement", "label": "recruited by C5a", "style": "dashed" }
]
}