Causal DAG — Prescribing and Resistant Infection
Causal graph linking primary-care antibiotic prescribing to resistant urinary infection, with prior colonisation as a mediator and care-home residence as a confounder acting through both paths.
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title "Primary care prescribing and resistant urinary infection"
exposure X "Broad-spectrum prescribing rate"
outcome Y "Resistant E. coli urinary infection"
mediator C "Gut colonisation with resistant strains"
confounder R "Care home residence"
confounder G "Prior hospital admission"
unobserved T "Local transmission pressure"
node D "Diagnostic testing intensity"
node K "Comorbidity burden"
X -> C
C -> Y
X -> Y
R -> X
R -> Y
R -> C
G -> X
G -> Y
K -> X
K -> Y
D -> X
D -> Y
T -> C
T -> Y