Causal inference — estimand, graph and identification
Separate the causal question from an estimable statistical association. Specify temporal ordering and assumptions before selecting adjustment variables; conditioning on a collider can introduce bias.
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{
"nodes": [
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{ "id": "dag", "type": "rounded", "label": "Causal graph and time order", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
{ "id": "conf", "type": "rounded", "label": "Common causes", "x": 390, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
{ "id": "coll", "type": "rounded", "label": "Colliders and descendants", "x": 390, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fee2e2", "stroke": "#b91c1c" },
{ "id": "id", "type": "octagon", "label": "Identification assumptions", "x": 565, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
{ "id": "obs", "type": "rounded", "label": "Available observational data", "x": 565, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
{ "id": "analysis", "type": "rounded", "label": "Estimator and diagnostics", "x": 740, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
{ "id": "sens", "type": "rounded", "label": "Unmeasured-confounding sensitivity", "x": 915, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d" }
],
"edges": [
{ "id": "e0", "source": "est", "target": "dag", "label": "represent assumptions" },
{ "id": "e1", "source": "dag", "target": "conf", "label": "candidate adjustment" },
{ "id": "e2", "source": "dag", "target": "coll", "label": "avoid harmful adjustment" },
{ "id": "e3", "source": "conf", "target": "id", "label": "block backdoor paths" },
{ "id": "e4", "source": "coll", "target": "id", "label": "check path opening" },
{ "id": "e5", "source": "id", "target": "analysis", "label": "identified target" },
{ "id": "e6", "source": "obs", "target": "analysis", "label": "estimate" },
{ "id": "e7", "source": "analysis", "target": "sens", "label": "qualify causal claim" }
]
}