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Measurement chain — calibration and uncertainty

Trace a physical measurand through sensor, conditioning, digitisation and conversion. Keep calibration bias, repeatability and environmental sensitivity separate when constructing an uncertainty budget.

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{
  "nodes": [
    { "id": "m", "type": "rounded", "label": "Defined measurand", "x": 40, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
    { "id": "s", "type": "rounded", "label": "Sensor transduction", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "c", "type": "rounded", "label": "Signal conditioning", "x": 390, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "adc", "type": "rounded", "label": "Sampling and digitisation", "x": 565, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "conv", "type": "rounded", "label": "Calibration conversion", "x": 740, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "ref", "type": "octagon", "label": "Reference standard", "x": 565, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
    { "id": "env", "type": "card", "label": "Environment and repeatability", "x": 390, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" },
    { "id": "u", "type": "rounded", "label": "Uncertainty budget", "x": 740, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309" },
    { "id": "r", "type": "rounded", "label": "Result with unit and uncertainty", "x": 915, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d" }
  ],
  "edges": [
    { "id": "e0", "source": "m", "target": "s", "label": "physical input" },
    { "id": "e1", "source": "s", "target": "c", "label": "electrical signal" },
    { "id": "e2", "source": "c", "target": "adc", "label": "filtered signal" },
    { "id": "e3", "source": "adc", "target": "conv", "label": "digital reading" },
    { "id": "e4", "source": "ref", "target": "conv", "label": "traceable calibration", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e5", "source": "env", "target": "u", "label": "components" },
    { "id": "e6", "source": "conv", "target": "u", "label": "model sensitivity" },
    { "id": "e7", "source": "conv", "target": "r", "label": "estimate" },
    { "id": "e8", "source": "u", "target": "r", "label": "qualify" }
  ]
}