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Causal DAG templates

Maths — The Confounding Triangle

A confounder opens a backdoor path X ← Z → Y.

Causal DAGMathematicsCausal DAG syntax docs
Template previewCausal DAG
Confounding triangleXExposure XYOutcome YZConfounder ZADJUST FORExposureOutcomeConfounderMediatorUnobservedIdentifiable — adjust for `Confounder Z`.Adjust for `Confounder Z` — a minimal sufficient set. Conditioning on it blocks every backdoor path from `Exposure X` to `Outcome Y`, and no proper subset of it d…

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title "Confounding triangle"
exposure X "Exposure X"
outcome Y "Outcome Y"
confounder Z "Confounder Z"
X -> Y
Z -> X
Z -> Y