Earth Science — The Rock Cycle

{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "rc-magma",
      "type": "gas-flame",
      "label": "Magma — silicate melt at 700–1300 °C",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fee2e2",
      "stroke": "#b91c1c"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-extrusive",
      "type": "volcano",
      "label": "Extrusive igneous — lava quenched at the surface: basalt, rhyolite, obsidian",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-subduction",
      "type": "arrow-right",
      "label": "Subduction & crustal thickening — the tectonic driver of melting",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#ede9fe",
      "stroke": "#6d28d9"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-intrusive",
      "type": "iso-cube",
      "label": "Intrusive igneous — magma crystallising at depth: granite, gabbro",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-texture",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "Texture records the cooling rate: coarse interlocking crystals mean slow cooling kilometres down; glass means the melt was quenched in minutes.",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-melting",
      "type": "gas-flame",
      "label": "Partial melting — above roughly 650 °C, and lower still with water present",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-shortcuts",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "Any rock can become any other. The short-cuts across the ring — igneous straight to metamorphic, sedimentary straight back to magma — are as common as the full circuit.",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-uplift",
      "type": "mountain",
      "label": "Uplift & unroofing — brings deep rock to the surface to be attacked",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#ede9fe",
      "stroke": "#6d28d9"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-metamorphic",
      "type": "layers",
      "label": "Metamorphic rock — slate → schist → gneiss; limestone → marble",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 585,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-time",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "Time-scales: lithification 10³–10⁶ years, regional metamorphism 10⁶–10⁷ years, a full circuit of the cycle 10⁸ years or more.",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 585,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-weathering",
      "type": "rain-cloud",
      "label": "Weathering & erosion — frost, rain, acids, roots",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 585,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-metamorphism",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Heat & pressure — burial below ~5 km, or contact with an intrusion",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 760,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#ede9fe",
      "stroke": "#6d28d9"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-sedimentary",
      "type": "stacked-cylinder",
      "label": "Sedimentary rock — sandstone, shale, limestone; the only rocks with fossils",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 760,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-sediment",
      "type": "layers",
      "label": "Sediment — gravel, sand, silt, clay, plus shells and dissolved salts",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 760,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    }
  ],
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "rc-e1",
      "source": "rc-magma",
      "target": "rc-extrusive",
      "label": "erupts as lava, quenched"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e2",
      "source": "rc-magma",
      "target": "rc-intrusive",
      "label": "cools slowly at depth"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e3",
      "source": "rc-intrusive",
      "target": "rc-uplift",
      "label": "must be uplifted and unroofed first"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e4",
      "source": "rc-uplift",
      "target": "rc-weathering"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e5",
      "source": "rc-extrusive",
      "target": "rc-weathering",
      "label": "already exposed"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e6",
      "source": "rc-weathering",
      "target": "rc-sediment",
      "label": "transport by rivers, wind and ice"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e7",
      "source": "rc-sediment",
      "target": "rc-sedimentary",
      "label": "burial, compaction & cementation"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e8",
      "source": "rc-sedimentary",
      "target": "rc-metamorphism"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e9",
      "source": "rc-metamorphism",
      "target": "rc-metamorphic",
      "label": "recrystallises in the solid state"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e10",
      "source": "rc-metamorphic",
      "target": "rc-melting"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e11",
      "source": "rc-melting",
      "target": "rc-magma"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e12",
      "source": "rc-subduction",
      "target": "rc-melting",
      "label": "water lowers the solidus"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e13",
      "source": "rc-intrusive",
      "target": "rc-metamorphism",
      "label": "short-cut: igneous rock metamorphoses too"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e14",
      "source": "rc-metamorphic",
      "target": "rc-weathering",
      "label": "short-cut: uplifted gneiss weathers like anything else"
    },
    {
      "id": "rc-e15",
      "source": "rc-sedimentary",
      "target": "rc-melting",
      "label": "short-cut: subducted sediment melts"
    }
  ]
}