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Carbon cycle — flux through a temperate forest

One year of carbon in a mature temperate stand, with every flux in g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ and the budget closing: gross primary production of 1500, half of it respired straight back by the trees, 550 respired by soil decomposers, and the 200 left over as net ecosystem production — the number that decides whether the stand is a sink.

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{
  "nodes": [
    { "id": "atmosphere", "type": "cloud", "label": "Atmospheric CO₂ — 425 ppm and rising", "x": 40, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
    { "id": "sunlight", "type": "sun", "label": "Sunlight — 1–2% of PAR is captured", "x": 40, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
    { "id": "litter", "type": "layers", "label": "Litter C_litter = 600 g/m² on the floor", "x": 40, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
    { "id": "doc", "type": "water-drop", "label": "Dissolved organic C exported to streams", "x": 40, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d" },
    { "id": "photosynthesis", "type": "leaf", "label": "GPP — 1500 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ fixed", "x": 215, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
    { "id": "stomata", "type": "valve", "label": "Stomata trade CO₂ in for water out", "x": 215, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" },
    { "id": "soil", "type": "stacked-cylinder", "label": "Soil C_soil = 10000 g/m² (100 t/ha)", "x": 215, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
    { "id": "canopy", "type": "pine-tree", "label": "Canopy C_leaf = 300 g/m², LAI about 5", "x": 390, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
    { "id": "wood", "type": "column", "label": "Wood C_wood = 7000 g/m² (70 t/ha)", "x": 390, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
    { "id": "decomposition", "type": "petri-dish", "label": "Fungi and bacteria decompose litter", "x": 390, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#b45309", "bold": true },
    { "id": "residence", "type": "clock", "label": "tau(C_wood) = 100 yr, tau(C_soil) = 18.2 yr", "x": 390, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#f1f5f9", "stroke": "#475569" },
    { "id": "ra", "type": "chevron", "label": "Ra — autotrophic respiration", "x": 565, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d", "bold": true },
    { "id": "roots", "type": "cone", "label": "Roots C_root = 1000 g/m²", "x": 565, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8" },
    { "id": "rh", "type": "chevron", "label": "Rh — heterotrophic respiration", "x": 565, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fce7f3", "stroke": "#be185d", "bold": true },
    { "id": "npp", "type": "bar-chart", "label": "NPP: 1500 − 750 = 750 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹", "x": 740, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e", "bold": true },
    { "id": "nep", "type": "target", "label": "NEP: 750 − 550 = 200 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹", "x": 740, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e", "bold": true },
    { "id": "disturbance", "type": "volcano", "label": "Fire, windthrow, harvest — pulse losses", "x": 740, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fee2e2", "stroke": "#b91c1c", "bold": true },
    { "id": "sink", "type": "gauge-chart", "label": "A sink while net(total) = 200 g/m²/yr > 0", "x": 740, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ccfbf1", "stroke": "#0f766e" }
  ],
  "edges": [
    { "id": "e1", "source": "atmosphere", "target": "canopy", "label": "GPP = 1500 g/m²/yr", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e2", "source": "sunlight", "target": "photosynthesis", "label": "energy input", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e3", "source": "photosynthesis", "target": "canopy", "label": "fixes CO₂ into sugars", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e4", "source": "stomata", "target": "photosynthesis", "label": "the CO₂ doorway", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e5", "source": "canopy", "target": "atmosphere", "label": "Ra = 750 g/m²/yr", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e6", "source": "canopy", "target": "litter", "label": "L_f = 300 g/m²/yr — litterfall" },
    { "id": "e7", "source": "canopy", "target": "wood", "label": "G_w = 70 g/m²/yr — wood growth" },
    { "id": "e8", "source": "canopy", "target": "roots", "label": "G_r = 380 g/m²/yr — root allocation" },
    { "id": "e9", "source": "litter", "target": "soil", "label": "D_l = 300 g/m²/yr — decomposed", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e10", "source": "roots", "target": "soil", "label": "D_r = 380 g/m²/yr — exudates and turnover" },
    { "id": "e11", "source": "wood", "target": "soil", "label": "M_w = 70 g/m²/yr — dead wood" },
    { "id": "e12", "source": "soil", "target": "atmosphere", "label": "Rh = 550 g/m²/yr", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e13", "source": "decomposition", "target": "soil", "label": "microbial respiration is Rh", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e14", "source": "soil", "target": "doc", "label": "a small leak" },
    { "id": "e15", "source": "canopy", "target": "ra", "label": "half of GPP returns within hours", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e16", "source": "ra", "target": "npp", "label": "subtracted from GPP", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e17", "source": "npp", "target": "nep", "label": "NPP − Rh", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e18", "source": "soil", "target": "rh", "label": "decomposers respire", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e19", "source": "rh", "target": "nep", "label": "subtracted from NPP", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e20", "source": "nep", "target": "sink", "style": "dashed" },
    { "id": "e21", "source": "wood", "target": "disturbance" },
    { "id": "e22", "source": "disturbance", "target": "atmosphere", "label": "decades of storage in one day", "thickness": 2.5 },
    { "id": "e23", "source": "residence", "target": "soil", "label": "why soil carbon is the slow pool", "style": "dashed" }
  ]
}