Electrochemistry — Daniell galvanic cell
Zinc and copper half-cells at 1.00 M joined by a salt bridge: oxidation at the negative anode, reduction at the positive cathode, electrons through the wire, ions through the bridge, and E°cell = +1.10 V with the Gibbs energy it implies.
Rendering…
Make it your own.
{
"nodes": [
{ "id": "eflow", "type": "arrow-right", "label": "Electrons flow anode → cathode", "x": 215, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#a16207", "bold": true },
{ "id": "volt", "type": "gauge-chart", "label": "Voltmeter — E°cell = +1.10 V", "x": 390, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1", "bold": true },
{ "id": "current", "type": "arrow-left", "label": "Conventional current runs opposite", "x": 565, "y": 40, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#f1f5f9", "stroke": "#475569" },
{ "id": "zn", "type": "battery", "label": "Zn(s) anode — negative electrode", "x": 40, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8", "bold": true },
{ "id": "cu", "type": "battery", "label": "Cu(s) cathode — positive electrode", "x": 740, "y": 200, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d", "bold": true },
{ "id": "znox", "type": "rounded", "label": "Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ (E° = −0.76 V)", "x": 40, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dbeafe", "stroke": "#1d4ed8" },
{ "id": "anion", "type": "ellipse", "label": "NO₃⁻ migrates to the anode", "x": 215, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
{ "id": "bridge", "type": "bridge", "label": "Salt bridge — KNO₃ in agar", "x": 390, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#fef3c7", "stroke": "#a16207", "bold": true },
{ "id": "cation", "type": "ellipse", "label": "K⁺ migrates to the cathode", "x": 565, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
{ "id": "cured", "type": "rounded", "label": "Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu (E° = +0.34 V)", "x": 740, "y": 360, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#dcfce7", "stroke": "#15803d" },
{ "id": "znsol", "type": "flask", "label": "1.00 M ZnSO₄(aq)", "x": 40, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
{ "id": "notation", "type": "clipboard", "label": "Zn|Zn²⁺(1 M) ‖ Cu²⁺(1 M)|Cu", "x": 390, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#f1f5f9", "stroke": "#475569" },
{ "id": "cusol", "type": "flask", "label": "1.00 M CuSO₄(aq)", "x": 740, "y": 520, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#ede9fe", "stroke": "#6d28d9" },
{ "id": "gibbs", "type": "line-chart", "label": "ΔG° = −nFE° = −212 kJ mol⁻¹", "x": 390, "y": 680, "width": 150, "height": 104, "fill": "#e0f2fe", "stroke": "#0369a1" }
],
"edges": [
{ "id": "e1", "source": "zn", "target": "eflow", "label": "2e⁻ released", "thickness": 2.5 },
{ "id": "e2", "source": "eflow", "target": "volt", "thickness": 2.5 },
{ "id": "e3", "source": "volt", "target": "cu", "label": "external circuit", "thickness": 2.5 },
{ "id": "e4", "source": "volt", "target": "current", "label": "opposite sense", "style": "dashed" },
{ "id": "e5", "source": "zn", "target": "znox", "label": "oxidation" },
{ "id": "e6", "source": "znox", "target": "znsol", "label": "Zn²⁺ enters solution" },
{ "id": "e7", "source": "cu", "target": "cured", "label": "reduction" },
{ "id": "e8", "source": "cured", "target": "cusol", "label": "Cu²⁺ depleted" },
{ "id": "e9", "source": "bridge", "target": "anion", "label": "NO₃⁻" },
{ "id": "e10", "source": "anion", "target": "znsol", "label": "balances Zn²⁺" },
{ "id": "e11", "source": "bridge", "target": "cation", "label": "K⁺" },
{ "id": "e12", "source": "cation", "target": "cusol", "label": "balances SO₄²⁻" },
{ "id": "e13", "source": "bridge", "target": "notation", "label": "cell notation", "style": "dashed" },
{ "id": "e14", "source": "volt", "target": "gibbs", "label": "spontaneous", "style": "dashed" }
]
}