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Physics — The Electromagnetic Spectrum

All seven bands from radio to gamma with wavelength, frequency and photon energy for each, the visible band expanded into its colours, and the ionising threshold marked.

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    {
      "id": "em-radio",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Radio",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-micro",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Microwave",
      "x": 340,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-ir",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Infrared",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-vis",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Visible",
      "x": 900,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fce7f3",
      "stroke": "#be185d"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-uv",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Ultraviolet",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dbeafe",
      "stroke": "#1d4ed8"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-xray",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "X-ray",
      "x": 1460,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fee2e2",
      "stroke": "#b91c1c"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-gamma",
      "type": "chevron",
      "label": "Gamma",
      "x": 1740,
      "y": 60,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fee2e2",
      "stroke": "#b91c1c"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-radio",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ > 1 m · f < 300 MHz · E < 1.2 µeV. Broadcast, mobile, radio astronomy. Passes through cloud and most building materials.",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-micro",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ 1 mm – 1 m · f 300 MHz – 300 GHz · E 1.2 µeV – 1.2 meV. Wi-Fi at 2.4 GHz; the cosmic microwave background peaks near 160 GHz.",
      "x": 340,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
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    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-ir",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ 700 nm – 1 mm · f 300 GHz – 430 THz · E 1.2 meV – 1.77 eV. Excites molecular vibrations, so it reads as heat; thermal imaging.",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-vis",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ 400 – 700 nm · f 430 – 750 THz · E 1.77 – 3.10 eV. The band the atmosphere and the eye are both transparent to.",
      "x": 900,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-uv",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ 10 – 400 nm · f 750 THz – 30 PHz · E 3.1 – 124 eV. UV-B drives vitamin D synthesis and sunburn; stratospheric ozone absorbs most of it.",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
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    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-xray",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ 0.01 – 10 nm · f 30 PHz – 30 EHz · E 124 eV – 124 keV. Cu-Kα at 0.154 nm sets the scale for crystallography.",
      "x": 1460,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-d-gamma",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "λ < 0.01 nm · f > 30 EHz · E > 124 keV. Emitted by nuclear transitions — ⁶⁰Co gives 1.17 and 1.33 MeV photons.",
      "x": 1740,
      "y": 235,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-violet",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Violet 380–450 nm",
      "x": 60,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#ede9fe",
      "stroke": "#6d28d9"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-blue",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Blue 450–495 nm",
      "x": 340,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#ede9fe",
      "stroke": "#6d28d9"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-green",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Green 495–570 nm",
      "x": 620,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#dcfce7",
      "stroke": "#15803d"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-yellow",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Yellow 570–590 nm",
      "x": 900,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-orange",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Orange 590–620 nm",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef3c7",
      "stroke": "#b45309"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-red",
      "type": "rect",
      "label": "Red 620–750 nm",
      "x": 1460,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fee2e2",
      "stroke": "#b91c1c"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-vis-note",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "The visible band expanded. Photosynthesis uses almost exactly the same 400–700 nm window, which is no coincidence.",
      "x": 1740,
      "y": 410,
      "width": 240,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
      "stroke": "#ca8a04"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-c",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "c = fλ = 2.998 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹ in vacuum. Every band travels at the same speed — only f and λ change, and always in inverse proportion.",
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      "width": 520,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
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    },
    {
      "id": "em-e",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "E = hf = hc/λ, with h = 4.136 × 10⁻¹⁵ eV s. The working shortcut: E in eV ≈ 1240 ÷ λ in nm, which gives 3.10 eV at 400 nm.",
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      "width": 520,
      "height": 117,
      "fill": "#fef9c3",
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    },
    {
      "id": "em-ionising",
      "type": "note",
      "label": "Ionising above about 10 eV (λ < 124 nm): far-UV, X-ray and gamma can eject electrons and break bonds. Everything to the left is non-ionising.",
      "x": 1180,
      "y": 585,
      "width": 520,
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      "fill": "#fef9c3",
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    }
  ],
  "edges": [
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      "id": "em-e1",
      "source": "em-radio",
      "target": "em-micro",
      "label": "increasing f"
    },
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      "id": "em-e2",
      "source": "em-micro",
      "target": "em-ir"
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      "id": "em-e3",
      "source": "em-ir",
      "target": "em-vis"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-e4",
      "source": "em-vis",
      "target": "em-uv"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-e5",
      "source": "em-uv",
      "target": "em-xray"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-e6",
      "source": "em-xray",
      "target": "em-gamma",
      "label": "decreasing λ"
    },
    {
      "id": "em-e7",
      "source": "em-vis",
      "target": "em-violet",
      "label": "expanded below",
      "style": "dotted",
      "arrowEnd": false
    },
    {
      "id": "em-e8",
      "source": "em-violet",
      "target": "em-blue"
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      "id": "em-e9",
      "source": "em-blue",
      "target": "em-green"
    },
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      "id": "em-e10",
      "source": "em-green",
      "target": "em-yellow"
    },
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      "id": "em-e11",
      "source": "em-yellow",
      "target": "em-orange"
    },
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      "id": "em-e12",
      "source": "em-orange",
      "target": "em-red"
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